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Anemia is one of the most common—and most underestimated—risk factors in surgical care. Globally, up to 35% of surgical patients present with some degree of anemia before their operation, and in certain populations (such as orthopedic or cardiac surgery), that number can exceed 50% (Shander et al., 2011). Yet, preoperative anemia is still too often discovered on the day of surgery or after , when it’s too late to correct. The implications of that oversight are far-reachin

When preparing a patient for surgery, most preoperative assessments focus on measurable data — lab values, comorbidities, imaging results, and procedure-specific risks. Yet one of the most important predictors of surgical outcomes often goes unmeasured: frailty . Frailty is not simply a function of age. It’s a clinical syndrome characterized by decreased strength, endurance, and physiological function — a reduced ability to respond to stressors such as illness, hospitalizat

Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are among the most common and costly complications hospitals face after surgery. They affect patient...

In surgery, what happens before and after the operation can be just as important as the procedure itself. When patients are confused,...

Hospitals are under increasing pressure to reduce 30-day readmission rates—and for good reason. Readmissions are costly, frustrating for...

No smoking sign When preparing patients for surgery, clinicians meticulously check labs, adjust medications, and manage chronic...

Surgeons The surgeon is ready, the anesthesia team and OR teams are waiting, only for the surgery to be canceled the morning of surgery....

Every surgery starts long before the first incision. While advances in surgical techniques and technology continue to improve outcomes,...